Industry News_NEWS_ RuiLin Electronics

29 2023-08

Capacitor technology trend under the development of new energy vehicles

Any hardware circuit is inseparable from the basic passive components, and capacitors are also indispensable in new energy vehicles. In general, its role is nothing more than filtering, absorption and resonance. But it is these basic functions that help build the core electronic control system of new energy vehicles.

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29 2023-08

The "new energy" road of ceramic capacitors

When it comes to capacitors, probably most people's first reaction is a common component like a "screw". But since 2021, capital has seen the possibility of rapid growth in this segment: In the primary market, Shanghai Yingfeng Electronics, a leading subdivision enterprise, completed two consecutive rounds of financing this year, and its valuation rose sharply; In the secondary market, relevant listed companies are also expanding production in a big way. Among them, Farad electronic automotive film capacitors will be expanded by 100% in 2021, and another 100% is planned to be expanded in 2022; Jianghai film capacitors have not only entered a large number of applications in consumer electronics and industrial equipment, but also began mass delivery in the field of new energy electric vehicles and military industry, and the production of automotive film capacitors will also be expanded by 70-80% in 2022. Ceramic capacitors: capacitors with ceramic as dielectric materials, there are many branches of such capacitors, including various packages and withstand voltages, in which the internal dielectric materials are also divided into ferroelectric ceramics, barium titanate, talc and other materials, and then use pyrolysis and other methods to make an outer wrapped electrode. Ceramic capacitors have no polarity, ceramic capacitors with wires generally have high withstand voltage, and are used in high-voltage occasions with safety requirements; The most widely used is the chip multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC), which has the characteristics of small size, low price, high specific volume and high precision, and can be applied to high frequencies, but the material is brittle and the relative capacity is low. Representative companies: Fenghua Hi-Tech (000636), Sanhuan Group (300408), etc. According to the data of the China Electronic Components Industry Association, ceramic capacitors accounted for more than 50% of the global capacitor market in 2019 due to their wide range of application fields and high cost performance, followed by aluminum electrolytic capacitors (accounting for more than 30%), film capacitors and tantalum electrolytic capacitors accounted for less than 10%. Compared with other capacitors, film capacitors have the advantages of excellent high temperature and high pressure resistance, good reliability, long life, and overvoltage self-healing ability. In various frequency conversion and AC/DC conversion scenarios, such as electric drives, OBCs, charging piles of new energy vehicles, as well as inverters and converters of photovoltaic and wind power, film capacitors are widely used.

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29 2023-08

What are the uses of ceramic capacitors?

Class 1: Small temperature coefficient, suitable for tuning circuits and circuits that require compensation effects. Class 2: High dielectric constant, suitable for bypassing, coupling, DC blocking and filtering circuits. Class 3: large capacity, small size, low voltage. Used for filtering, bypassing, coupling circuits. AC: Anti-electromagnetic interference. High-frequency ceramic capacitors (Class I porcelain dielectric capacitors): good capacity stability, small dielectric loss, high insulation resistance, but small capacity; It is mainly used in high-frequency circuits and high-frequency high-voltage circuits in electronic equipment. (e.g. secondary output rectification of computer motherboard and switching power supply) Low-frequency ceramic capacitors (Class II ceramic dielectric capacitors): refers to capacitors with ferroelectric ceramics as dielectrics, Class II ceramic dielectric capacitors have small capacitance, large capacity, but poor stability and large loss. It is mainly used for low-frequency bypass, DC blocking, and filter circuits. (e.g. filtering after AC rectification)

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29 2023-08

What are the temperature characteristics in ceramic capacitors?

It refers to the rate of change of capacitor capacitance relative to normal temperature within the specified temperature range. For example, NP0, in the temperature range of -25 °C - +85 °C, relative to 25 °C, the allowable change in capacitance is less than 60ppm for every 1 °C change in temperature. For example, Y5P, in the temperature range of -25 °C to +85 °C, the rate of change in capacity relative to 25 °C is allowed to ± 10%. Code: Y: -25 °C; 5：+85 ℃ Rate of change: P: ±10%; U：+22%，-56%； V：+22%，-82%。

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29 2023-08

How many types of capacitors there are

1. Ceramic capacitors Ceramic capacitor is a common capacitor, and its dielectric material is ceramic. It has the advantages of small size, large capacity, high precision and good stability. Ceramic capacitors are widely used in filtering, coupling, maintenance and other aspects in electronic circuits. 2. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are polar capacitors whose positive electrode is made of pure aluminum foil. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors have the advantages of large capacity, small size, long service life and stable operation, so they are widely used in filtering, coupling, maintenance and other aspects in electronic circuits. 3. Electrolytic capacitors An electrolytic capacitor is a capacitor composed of two metal foils, and its dielectric material is an electrolyte. The advantages of electrolytic capacitors are large capacity, small size, stable capacitance, but their polarity is obvious, can only be used in DC circuits, and the electrolyte inside the capacitor is easy to dry and leak. 4. Organic electrolytic capacitors Organic electrolytic capacitor is a new type of capacitor, and its dielectric material is organic polymer material. The advantages of organic electrolytic capacitors are small size, large capacity, long service life, stable operation, good temperature stability and other characteristics, and are widely used in high-frequency circuits. 5. Film capacitors A film capacitor is a capacitor that uses a metal foil and film as electrodes. Its advantages are high precision, good stability, and good frequency characteristics, so it is widely used in high-frequency circuits. 6. Metallized polyester film capacitors A metallized polyester film capacitor is a capacitor that uses a polyester film as a dielectric and a metal foil or metal-coated film as an electrode. It has the advantages of small capacity, small size and stable work, and is widely used in electronic circuits. 7. Metallized polypropylene film capacitors Metallized polypropylene film capacitor is a capacitor that uses polypropylene film as a dielectric and metal foil or metal coated film as an electrode. Compared with metallized polyester film capacitors, metallized polypropylene film capacitors have a larger capacitance, a longer service life, and are not easy to damage and have a long service life. 8. Glass capacitors A glass capacitor is a capacitor made of metal foil and glass as a dielectric. It is characterized by high precision, good stability and small capacity, and is widely used in precision circuits. 9. Varactor diodes A varactor diode is a diode that can change the value of the capacitor. Its capacitance value can be achieved by changing the reverse voltage. It is widely used in radio tuning circuit, oscillation circuit and other aspects. 10. Piezoelectric capacitors A piezoelectric capacitor is a component that uses the piezoelectric effect to achieve capacitance. The advantages of piezoelectric capacitors are large capacity and high precision, and are widely used in mechanical vibration sensors, pressure sensors and other aspects. In short, there are many types of capacitors, and different types of capacitors have different characteristics and application fields. When selecting capacitors, it is necessary to select the appropriate type of capacitors according to specific usage requirements and application scenarios.

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29 2023-08

What is the difference between ceramic capacitors and film capacitors

Ceramic capacitors and film capacitors are two common capacitors. The main differences between them are as follows: 1. Structure: Ceramic capacitors are composed of ceramic dielectric and metal electrodes, while film capacitors are formed by coating a metal film on an insulating substrate. 2. Capacity value: The capacity value of ceramic capacitors is usually higher, while the capacity value of film capacitors is lower. This is because the structure of the ceramic capacitor enables a large electrode area, which increases the capacity value. 3. Accuracy: Film capacitors have higher accuracy and can achieve smaller tolerances. Ceramic capacitors have relatively low accuracy and large tolerances. 4. Temperature characteristics: The temperature characteristics of ceramic capacitors are poor, and the capacity value will change greatly with the change of temperature. The temperature characteristics of the film capacitor are better, and the change in capacity value is relatively small. 5. Cost: Generally, the cost of ceramic capacitors is lower, while the cost of film capacitors is higher. In summary, ceramic capacitors and film capacitors differ in structure, capacity value, accuracy, temperature characteristics and cost. The choice of which capacitor to use is based on the specific application needs and performance requirements.

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29 2023-08

What are the applications of capacitors?

1. Filtering applications, such as connected between the positive and negative poles of the DC output of the power module, can filter out the unwanted AC components in the DC module, which can make the DC smoother. 2. Decoupling application, and connected between the positive and negative poles of the power supply of the amplifier circuit, can prevent parasitic oscillations caused by the positive feedback formed by the internal resistance of the power supply. 3. Bypass application, in the circuit of AC and DC signals, the capacitor is connected to the two ends of the resistor in parallel or straddled to the common potential by a certain point of the circuit, a path can be set up for the AC signal or pulse signal to avoid the voltage drop attenuation of the AC signal component due to the resistance. 4. Coupling application, in the AC signal processing circuit, it is used to connect the signal source and the signal processing circuit or as the interstage connection of the two amplifiers, which is used to isolate the DC, let the AC signal or pulse signal pass, so that the DC working point of the front and rear amplification circuit does not affect each other. 5. Tuning application, connected at both ends of the oscillation coil of the resonant circuit, plays the role of selecting the oscillation frequency. 6. Pad application, auxiliary capacitor in series with the main capacitor of the resonant circuit, adjusting it can make the frequency range of the oscillation signal smaller, and can significantly increase the oscillation frequency at the low frequency end. 7. Compensation application, auxiliary capacitor in parallel with the main capacitor of the resonant circuit, adjusting the capacitor can expand the frequency range of the oscillation signal. 8. Neutralize the application, and connect it between the base and emitter of the transistor amplifier to form a negative feedback network to suppress the self-oscillation caused by the capacitance between the transistor electrodes. 9. Frequency stabilization application, which plays the role of stabilizing the oscillation frequency in the oscillation circuit. 10. In timing applications, the capacitance that is connected in series with resistor R in the RC time constant circuit to determine the length of charge and discharge time. 11. Accelerate the application, connected to the oscillator feedback circuit, so that the positive feedback process accelerates to increase the amplitude of the oscillation signal. 12. Shorten the application, in order to shorten the length of the oscillation inductor in the UHF high-frequency head circuit, the capacitor in series. 13. Krabo capacitor, a capacitor connected in series with the inductor oscillation coil in the capacitor three-point oscillation circuit, which plays a role in eliminating the influence of transistor junction capacitance on frequency stability. 14. In the application of Thira, the capacitance connected in parallel with both ends of the inductive oscillation coil in the capacitor three-point oscillation circuit eliminates the influence of transistor junction capacitance, so that the oscillator is easy to vibrate at the high frequency end. 15. Amplitude stabilization application, used in frequency discriminator to stabilize the amplitude of the output signal. 16. In pre-emphasis applications, in order to avoid attenuation and loss of the frequency division caused by the audio modulation signal during processing, the RC high-frequency component is set to increase the network capacitance. 17. In de-emphasis applications, in order to restore the original accompanying sound signal, it is required to attenuate the high-frequency components and noise increased by pre-emphasis in the audio signal, and set the capacitor of RC in the network. 18. Phase shift application, capacitance used to change the phase of AC signals. 19. Feedback application, straddling between the input and output of the amplifier, so that the output signal is transmitted back to the capacitor at the input end. 20. Step-down current limiting application, connected in series in the AC loop, using the capacitive reactance characteristics of the capacitor to the alternating current, the alternating current is limited, so as to form a voltage divider circuit. 21. Reverse application, used for the line scan output circuit, and connected between the collector and emitter of the row output tube to generate a high-voltage row scanning sawtooth wave reverse pulse with a withstand voltage of more than 1500 volts. 22. S correction application, connected in series in the deflection coil loop, is used to correct the extended linear distortion of the edge of the picture tube. 23. In the self-bootstrapping boost application, the charge and discharge energy storage characteristics of the capacitor are used to increase the potential of a certain point of the circuit, which can make the potential of the point reach twice the voltage value of the

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29 2023-08

Whether the capacitor is a live wire or a neutral wire

　　The neutral live wire can be connected, mostly connected to the live wire, but this is not critical, because this is alternating current, the direction of the current of alternating current changes, so the single-phase motor capacitor does not matter whether it is connected to the zero line or live wire. It is important that the capacitor is connected in series with the start-up winding (or secondary winding).

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29 2023-08

The role of capacitors

The function of capacitors is to use in circuits such as direct-blocking and pass-through, coupling, bypassing, filtering, tuning loops, energy conversion, and control. Capacitor is a kind of electronic component that is widely used in electronic equipment, and its basic working principle is charge and discharge, rectification, oscillation, etc. The capacitor is mainly composed of two positive and negative electrodes and an insulating medium sandwiched in the middle, and its structure is relatively simple. Therefore, the type of capacitor is determined by the electrode and the insulating medium, and its use is very wide. 1. DC blocking: block DC through and let AC through. 2. Bypass (decoupling): provides a low impedance path for some components connected in parallel in the AC circuit. 3. Coupling: As a connection between two circuits, the AC signal is allowed to pass through and transmit to the next level circuit. 4. Filtering: This is very important for DIY, and the capacitors on the graphics card are basically this function. 5. Temperature compensation: according to the influence of insufficient adaptability of other components to temperature, compensation is carried out to improve the stability of the circuit. 6. Timekeeping: Capacitors are used in conjunction with resistors to determine the time constant of the circuit.

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29 2023-08

What is the high voltage ultra-high voltage in ceramic capacitors

By voltage: ultra-high voltage, high voltage, low voltage, AC Ultra-high voltage: ≥10KVdc; High voltage: ≥500Vdc, <10KVdc; Low voltage: ≥ 16Vdc, < 500KVdc; Exchange: Refers specifically to 250Vac and 400Vac. That is, the Y capacitor.

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